Exploring Contraception Options: A Guide for Women
Contraception plays a crucial role in women's reproductive health and preventing unwanted pregnancies. With a variety of options available, it's important to understand the different methods and find the one that best suits your needs and lifestyle. Let's explore the various contraceptive options available in Australia.
Non-Hormonal Contraception
Condoms
Diaphragm: A silicone cup inserted into the vagina before intercourse to cover the cervix and block sperm from reaching the uterus. Typically 82% effective.
Withdrawal Method: Also known as "pulling out," this method involves the male withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation. Typically 80% effective.
Rhythm Method: Also known as natural family planning, this method involves tracking menstrual cycles to determine fertile days and avoiding intercourse during ovulation. Typically 76 - 93% effective.
Copper IUD: Small device made of plastic and copper that is inserted inside the uterus. They can be used for 5 or 10 years depending on the type used and work by preventing sperm moving though the uterus and implantation of a fertilised egg. They are >99% effective however cause heavy menstural bleeding in most women.
Hormonal Contraception
Oral Contraceptives (The combined Pill): Taken daily, these pills contain synthetic hormones (oestrogen and progestogen) similar to the hormones naturally produced by the female body, to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg. The Pill relies on regular and consistent daily use to be effective, typically 93%. It might also help with heavy periods and skin concerns like acne.
Progesterone only pill : Taken daily, prevents pregnancy by thickening the mucus of the cervix, stopping any sperm from entering the womb. It can also prevent ovulation. It can be used by most women even with health conditions and contraindications to the combined oral contraceptive pill. It is also typically 93% effective.
Contraceptive Ring (NuvaRing): A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones (oestrogen and progestogen) and is left in place for three weeks, followed by a one-week break. It is 93% effective and mainly works by preventing ovulation.
Injectable Contraceptives (Depo-Provera): A progesterone like hormone injection given every three months to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus. It is typically 94% effective and might change bleeding pattern.
Implanon: A small, flexible rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm that releases hormones (low dose progestogen) to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus. It can last up to three years and is 99.9% effective.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) - Mirena and Kyleena: These IUDs release progestogen hormone to prevent pregnancy by thinning the lining of the uterus and thickening the cervical mucous. They are inserted into the uterus and can last for 5 years being 99.8% effective at preventing pregnancy.
Surgical Contraception
Tubal Ligation (Sterilisation): A surgical procedure where the fallopian tubes are either cut, sealed, or blocked to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus.
Hysterectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the uterus, resulting in permanent contraception. This option is not typically used for contraception.
Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for men that involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens to prevent the release of sperm during ejaculation.
Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception, also known as the morning-after pill, is a backup method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. It's essential to take emergency contraception as soon as possible after intercourse for maximum effectiveness. In addition to oral emergency contraceptive pills, the copper IUD can also be used as an emergency contraceptive method. When inserted within a certain timeframe after unprotected intercourse, the copper IUD can prevent pregnancy by creating an inhospitable environment for sperm and interfering with fertilization. It's a highly effective option for emergency contraception and can provide ongoing contraceptive protection for up to 10 years after insertion.
Choosing the Right Contraceptive Method
When deciding on a contraceptive method, consider factors such as effectiveness, convenience, side effects, and personal preferences. It's essential to discuss your options with a healthcare provider to find the most suitable method for you.
Conclusion
Contraception empowers women to take control of their reproductive health and family planning decisions. With a range of options available, there's a contraceptive method to suit every woman's needs and lifestyle.
For more information, please check out this resource from True relationships and reproductive health https://www.true.org.au/resources/contraceptive-choices
Remember, it's essential to make informed choices and consult with a healthcare provider to ensure you're selecting the most appropriate method for you.
Stay tuned for our next post, where we'll discuss Intrauterine devices